高中英语语法整理总结 高考英语语法总结

高中英语语法整理总结

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。

Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

一般可分为两类:

1),简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。

2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式

Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。

Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。

WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:

Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。

Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。

Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。

6、状语

修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。

7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:Wewill make our country morebeautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。

句子的类型:

1.主语+谓语

2.主语+谓语+状语

3.主语+谓语+宾语

4.主语+系动词+表语

5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语

7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

高中英语常见语法错误列举分析

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本文将对高中英语常见语法错误进行列举分析,近年来,随着课程新标准的颁布,高中英语的改革不断深化,系统的语法学习显得越来越重要。一个好的语法基础无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解句子结构,规范语言的实际运用并使之富有逻辑性,同时提高语言功底以及融会贯通和理解能力。

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本文将对高中英语常见语法错误进行列举分析,近年来,随着课程新标准的颁布,高中英语的改革不断深化,系统的语法学习显得越来越重要。一个好的语法基础无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解句子结构,规范语言的实际运用并使之富有逻辑性,同时提高语言功底以及融会贯通和理解能力。

同时,高考中对语法的考查也呈现出新特点:单纯的语法规则测试题减少,而代之以语法加语境,语法加上下文,语法加比较辨析等三个方面的题目。我们的语法学习也应该顺应这个潮流。从易犯错误的地方入手,无疑是系统学习语法,应对高考新特点的最好切入点。

下面笔者依据近年的高考试题,总结了英语学习中易犯的一些错误:

一. 词法方面

词法方面,词语的辨析成为现今高考命题的重点,对考生来说也是一大难点。其综合性越来越强,很多题目要根据上下文,反复比较才能做出正确判断。这也提醒我们学习词语时,要关注它的多个意思,同时不要死记硬背,要在具体的语言环境里灵活地学习和掌握。

1. ____ two exams to worryabout, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)

A. With B. Besides

C. As for D. Becauseof

本题说的是:因为担心两门考试,这个周末我不得不拼命学习。句意很简单明了,besides“除了”,asfor“至于”两个选项很容易排除,因此许多同学根据字面意思选择了错误选项D。错误的原因是becauseof后边不能接复合宾语,而正确答案A项构成的with独立结构也可表原因。所谓with独立结构是指with+名词(或代词)+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语

2. ----Do you like____here?

----Oh , yes. The air, theweather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004 全国一)

A. this B. these

C. that D. it

很多同学看到The air, theweather, the way oflife,以为这么多东西,当然应该是these了,从而误选了B。此处it指代这些东西,同时对应了Everything。正确答案是D

二. 动词的时态

动词的时态依然是亘古不变的重点。时态的考查也不再局限于过去时,过去完成进行时等也开始出现在考卷上。这一类题目中,理解其所给的语境成为答对题目的关键。另外,试题中还故意设计出了一些陷阱:如经常出现在某一种时态中的时间状语放在另一种时态里。考生极易犯思维定式的错误,所以,务必认真审题也变得非常重要。

1. The crazy fans____patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie stararrived .( 2004重庆)

A were waiting B. had beenwaiting

C. had waited D. wouldwait

这道时态题难度不小,从题目中的场景可知,空格处的“等待”动作应发生在“arrived”之前,即过去的过去,所以应用过去完成时;同时“fortwohours”这个时间状语告诉我们该句强调的是动作在过去一直持续进行。综合二者,我们选择一个最佳答案:过去完成进行时。答案为:B

2. It is said in the bookthat Thomas Edison (1847-1931)____the world leading inventor forsixty years.(2004辽宁)

A. would be B. hasbeen

C. had been D. was

此题难度较大,无数考生拜倒在其脚下。错误的原因是:看到for sixtyyears,再加上前面用了一般现在时的动词is,便以为是现在完成时,所以选择B。殊不知题目中给出的是一段过去的时间(1847-1931),而一般过去时也可以用以描述过去的一段时间的事实。所以答案是D:爱迪生过去曾经连续60年是世界上发明创造界的领袖。

三. 三大类从句

对于从句的把握,不仅对语法题目意义重大,对写作也大有裨益。要弄明白名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句三者的区别和联系,要了解各自的引导词以及引导的句子种类,从本质上把握它们。

1. A modern city has beenset up in____ was a wasteland ten years ago.(2004 天津)

A. what B. which

C .that D. where

此题解答时,易把汉语的习惯移植进去:十年前曾是一片废墟的地方,从而误选D。本题中,空格及空格后面的部分共同做介词in的宾语。而在这个宾语从句中,空格部分又要做主语。毫无疑问,where是副词的性质,从来只能做状语,决不可能做主语。同时本题有没有给定一个供选择的范围,所以排除了which。正确答案是A

四. 分词

分词使我们中国学生最头疼的语法点知识。很多学生读了研究生后依然搞不清楚现在分词和过去分词。其实,只要适当的加以分类和记忆,便能迅速地理情头绪,并彻底掌握它。

1. -----such a goodchance, he planed to learn more.

A. To be given B. Havingbeen given C. Having given D. Giving

该题有三个关键点:主语he,谓语动作plan,非谓语动作give;he与give之间很显然是被动关系,所以排除表主动的现在分词C和D;give这个动作明显在谓语动作plan之前,所以选择完成式B

2. -----time, he will makea first-class tennis player.

A. Having given B. To giveC. Giving D. Given

该题的三个关键点:主语he,谓语动作make,非谓语动作give:he与give之间同样是被动关系,而ABC均为主动,所以选D。该题如果增加难度,可以加入一个迷惑选项:被动完成式havingbeen given,此项也不可选,因为完成式必须表示动作已发生过;本题中动作只是一种假设,尚未发生。

高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词

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本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

情态动词的语法特征

1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2) 情态动词 除ought 和have外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。

比较can 和be able to

1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能(过去时用could),

只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be ableto可以用于各种时态。

They will be able to tellyou the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2)只用be able to

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/wereable to, 不能用could。

He was able to flee Europebefore the war broke out.

= He managed to fleeEurope before the war broke out.

注意:could不表示时态

1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。

--- Could I have thetelevision on?

--- Yes, you can. / No,you can't.

2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

He couldn't be a badman.

他不大可能是坏人。

比较may和might

1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may放在句首,表示祝愿。

May God bless you!

He might be at home.

注意: might表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

2) 成语: may/might aswell,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。

If that is the case, wemay as well try.

典型例题

Peter ___come with ustonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. mustB. mayC. canD.will

答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。

比较have to和must

1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of thenight.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that they mustwork hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

2)haveto有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

He had to look after hissister yesterday.

3) 在否定结构中: don't haveto表示"不必"

mustn't表示"禁止",

You don't have to tell himabout it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him aboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

must表示推测

1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。

2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

You have worked hard allday.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)

He must be working in hisoffice. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较:

He must be stayingthere.

他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there.

他必须呆在那。

3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone. Imust have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。

4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

---Why didn't you answermy phone call?

---Well, I must have beensleeping, so I didn't hear it.

5) 否定推测用can't。

If Tom didn't leave hereuntil five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。

表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might,must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:

1)情态动词+动词原形。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。

I don't know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.

2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

At this moment, ourteacher must be correcting our exam papers.

这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3)情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。

We would have finishedthis work by the end of next December.

明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

The road is wet. It musthave rained last night.

地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Your mother must have beenlooking for you.

你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't,couldn't表示。

Mike can't have found hiscar, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意:could,might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。

情态动词+have+过去分词

1) may(might) have + donesth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

Philip may (might) havebeen hurt seriously in the car accident.

Philip can (could) havebeen hurt seriously in the car accident.

2)must have +donesth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。

---Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.

---She must have gone bybus.

3) ought to have done sth,should have done sth

本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。

You ought to (should) havebeen more careful in this experiment.

He ought not to havethrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)

ought to 在语气上比should要强。

4) needn't have donesth本没必要做某事

I dressed very warmly forthe trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have donesth本打算做某事

I would like to have readthe article, but I was very busy then.

should和ought to

should 和ought to都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。

---Ought he to go?

---Yes. I think he oughtto.

表示要求,命令时,语气由should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。

had better表示最好

had better相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth

had better not do sth

It is pretty cold. You'dbetter put on my coat.

She'd better not play withthe dog.

had better have donesth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。

You had better have comeearlier.

would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather…than…宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, hadrather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

If I have a choice, I hadsooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay herethan go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格

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本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

(一): 独立高考资源网主格结构的构成:

名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;

名词(代词)+形容词;

名词(代词)+副词;

名词(代词)+不定式;

名词(代词) +介词短语构成。

(二) 独立主格结构的特点:

1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。

3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例:

The test finished, webegan our holiday.

= When the test wasfinished, we began our holiday.

考试结束了,我们开始放假。

The presidentassassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

= After the president wasassassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting, we aregoing to visit you tomorrow.

如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。

This done, we wenthome.

工作完成后,我们才回家。

The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.

会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。

He came into the room, hisears red with cold.

他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。

He came out of thelibrary, a large book under his arm.

他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆

With的复合结构

表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。

with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: He stood there, hishand raised.

= He stood there, with hishand raise.

典型例题

The murder was brought in,with his hands ___ behind his back。

A. being tiedB. havingtiedC. to be tiedD. tied

答案D. with+名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.

注意:

1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:

当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制

A robber burst into theroom, knife in hand.

( hand前不能加his)。

2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。

He lay there, his teethset, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

典型例题:

Weather___, we'll go outfor a walk.

A permittedB permittingCpermitsD for permitting

答案B.本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go outfor a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可

高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致

[导读]

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,主谓一致是指:

窗体顶端

窗体底端

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,主谓一致是指:

1)语法形式上高考资源网要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,

一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。

There is much water in thethermos.

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。

Ten thousand tons of coalwere produced last year.

并列结构作主语谓语用复数

Reading and writing arevery important.

注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

The iron and steelindustry is very important to our life.

典型例题

The League secretary andmonitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. isB. wasC. areD.were

答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary andmonitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pen, a knifeand several books on the desk..

There are twentyboy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

2)当either… or… 与neither…nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保

crowd, class, company,committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。

His family isn't verylarge.他家不是一个大家庭。

His family are musiclovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police,cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

Are there any policearound?

3)有些名词,如variety, number,population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。

A number of+名词复数+复数动词。

The number of+名词复数+单数动词。

A number of books havelent out.

The majority of thestudents like English.

与后接名词或代词保持一致

1) 用half of, part of, mostof, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。

Most of his money is spenton books.

Most of the students aretaking an active part in sports.

2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 morethan one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

Many a person has read thenovel.许多人都读过这本书。

More than 60 percent ofthe students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市

高中英语语法总结大全之状语从句

地点状语从句

地点状高考资源网语从句通常由where,wherever 引导。

Where I live there areplenty of trees.

我住的地方树很多。

Wherever I am I will bethinking of you.

不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法

[导读]

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

窗体顶端

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本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot热的。

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid害怕的。

(错)He is an ill man.

(对)The man is ill.

(错)She is an afraidgirl.

(对)The girl is afraid.

这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:

something nice

以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错) She sanglovely.

(错) He spoke to me veryfriendly.

(对) Her singing waslovely.

(对) He spoke to me in avery friendly way.

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a dailypaper.

The Times is publisheddaily.

用形容词表示类别和整体

1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,thepoor,the blind,the hungry

The poor are losinghope.

2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,theEnglish,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderfulsense of humor.

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词

a small round table

a tall gray building

a dirty old brownshirt

a famous German medicalschool

an expensive Japanesesports car

典型例题:

1) Tony is going campingwith ___ boys.

A.little two otherB. twolittle otherC.two other littleD.little other two

答案:C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。

2)One day they crossed the____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old

答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3) ---- How was yourrecent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. Wevisited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunnyB. lastfew sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last

答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠

近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:

限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+

those + three + beautiful+ large + square

新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

old + brown + wood +table

高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法

[导读]

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

窗体顶端

窗体底端

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,形容词修饰名词,说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot热的。

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid害怕的。

(错)He is an ill man.

(对)The man is ill.

(错)She is an afraidgirl.

(对)The girl is afraid.

这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:

something nice

以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错) She sanglovely.

(错) He spoke to me veryfriendly.

(对) Her singing waslovely.

(对) He spoke to me in avery friendly way.

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a dailypaper.

The Times is publisheddaily.

用形容词表示类别和整体

1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,thepoor,the blind,the hungry

The poor are losinghope.

2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,theEnglish,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderfulsense of humor.

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词

a small round table

a tall gray building

a dirty old brownshirt

a famous German medicalschool

an expensive Japanesesports car

典型例题:

1) Tony is going campingwith ___ boys.

A.little two otherB. twolittle otherC.two other littleD.little other two

答案:C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。

2)One day they crossed the____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old

答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3) ---- How was yourrecent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. Wevisited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunnyB. lastfew sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last

答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠

近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:

限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+

those + three + beautiful+ large + square

新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

old + brown + wood +table

高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词

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本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

窗体顶端

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本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助:

情态动词的语法特征

1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2) 情态动词 除ought 和have外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。

比较can 和be able to

1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能(过去时用could),

只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be ableto可以用于各种时态。

They will be able to tellyou the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2)只用be able to

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/wereable to, 不能用could。

He was able to flee Europebefore the war broke out.

= He managed to fleeEurope before the war broke out.

注意:could不表示时态

1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。

--- Could I have thetelevision on?

--- Yes, you can. / No,you can't.

2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

He couldn't be a badman.

他不大可能是坏人。

比较may和might

1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may放在句首,表示祝愿。

May God bless you!

He might be at home.

注意: might表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

2) 成语: may/might aswell,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。

If that is the case, wemay as well try.

典型例题

Peter ___come with ustonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. mustB. mayC. canD.will

答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。

比较have to和must

1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of thenight.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that they mustwork hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

2)haveto有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

He had to look after hissister yesterday.

3) 在否定结构中: don't haveto表示"不必"

mustn't表示"禁止",

You don't have to tell himabout it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him aboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

must表示推测

1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。

2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

You have worked hard allday.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)

He must be working in hisoffice. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较:

He must be stayingthere.

他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there.

他必须呆在那。

3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone. Imust have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。

4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

---Why didn't you answermy phone call?

---Well, I must have beensleeping, so I didn't hear it.

5) 否定推测用can't。

If Tom didn't leave hereuntil five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。

表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might,must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:

1)情态动词+动词原形。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。

I don't know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.

2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

At this moment, ourteacher must be correcting our exam papers.

这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3)情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。

We would have finishedthis work by the end of next December.

明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

The road is wet. It musthave rained last night.

地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Your mother must have beenlooking for you.

你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't,couldn't表示。

Mike can't have found hiscar, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意:could,might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。

情态动词+have+过去分词

1) may(might) have + donesth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

Philip may (might) havebeen hurt seriously in the car accident.

Philip can (could) havebeen hurt seriously in the car accident.

2)must have +donesth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。

---Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.

---She must have gone bybus.

3) ought to have done sth,should have done sth

本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。

You ought to (should) havebeen more careful in this experiment.

He ought not to havethrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)

ought to 在语气上比should要强。

4) needn't have donesth本没必要做某事

I dressed very warmly forthe trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have donesth本打算做某事

I would like to have readthe article, but I was very busy then.

should和ought to

should 和ought to都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。

---Ought he to go?

---Yes. I think he oughtto.

表示要求,命令时,语气由should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。

had better表示最好

had better相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth

had better not do sth

It is pretty cold. You'dbetter put on my coat.

She'd better not play withthe dog.

had better have donesth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。

You had better have comeearlier.

would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather…than…宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, hadrather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

If I have a choice, I hadsooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay herethan go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

高中英语语法专项复习之代词

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本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之代词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的学习有所帮助:

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本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之代词进行详细介绍,希望对大家的学习有所帮助:

人称代词的用法

1)人称代词的主高考资源网格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:

John waited a while buteventually he went home.

约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。

John hoped the passengerwould be Mary and indeed it was she.

约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。

说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:

When he arrived, John wentstra[]ight to the bank.

约翰一到就直接去银行了。

2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:

I saw her with them, atleast, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her作主语补语)

a. -- Who broke thevase?--谁打碎了花瓶?

b. -- Me.--我。(me作主语补语=It's me.)

说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。

人称代词之主、宾格的替换

1) 宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语。

---- I likeEnglish.--我喜欢英语。

---- Me too.--我也喜欢。

---- Have morewine?--再来点酒喝吗?

---- Not me.--我可不要了。

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。

He is taller thanI/me.

He is taller than Iam.

2) 主格代替宾格

a. 在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格。

b. 在电话用语中常用主格。

---- I wish to speak toMary. --我想和玛丽通话。

---- This is she.--我就是玛丽。

注意:在动词be 或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。

I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格----主格)

I thought it to beher.(宾格----宾格)

I was taken to beshe.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)

They took me to beher.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

代词的指代问题

1)不定代词anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one,及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替。

Nobody came, didhe?谁也没来,是吗?

2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。

Give the cat some food.She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。

3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she。

并列人称代词的排列顺序

1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:

第二人称 ->第三人称 -> 第一人称

you ->he/she;it -> I

You, he and I shouldreturn on time.

2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:

第一人称 ->第二人称 -> 第三人称

we->you->They

注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。

a. 在承认错误,承担责任时,

It was I and John thatmade her angry.

是我和约翰惹她生气了。

b.在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如:I and you try to finish it.

c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时,

d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

物主代词

1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:

John had cut his finger;apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性(my,your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。

名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构,例如:

Jack's cap意为 The cap isJack's.

His cap 意为 The cap ishis.

2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能

a. 作主语,例如:

May I use your pen? Yoursworks better.

我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。

b. 作宾语,例如:

I love my motherland asmuch as you love yours.

我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

c. 作介词宾语,例如:

Your should interpret whatI said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。

d. 作主语补语,例如:

The life I have is yours.It's yours. It's yours.我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。

双重所有格

物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that,these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another,which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。

公式为:

a, an, this, that +名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:

a friend of mine.

each brother of his.

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

反身代词

1) 列表

Iyouyoushehe

myselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimself

wetheyitone

ourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself

2)做宾语

a. 有些动词需有反身代词

absent, bathe, amuse,blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave

We enjoyed ourselves verymuch last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Please help yourself tosome fish.请你随便吃点鱼。

b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词

take pride in, be annoyedwith, help oneself to sth.

I could not dress (myself)up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。

注:有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up,sit-down, stand up, wake up等。

Please sit down.请坐。

3) 作表语; 同位语

be oneself: I am notmyself today.我今天不舒服。

The thing itself is notimportant.事情本身并不重要。

4) 在不强调的情况下,but, except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:

No one but myself (me) ishurt.

注意:

a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

(错) Myself drove thecar.

(对) I myself drove thecar.我自己开车。

b. 但在and, or,nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。

Charles and myself sawit.

5)第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词。

You should be proud ofyourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

相互代词

1)相互代词只有each other和oneanother两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的,例如:

It is easy to see that thepeople of different cultures have always copied each other.

显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。

2) 相互代词的句法功能:

a. 作动词宾语;

People should love oneanother. 人们应当彼此相爱。

b. 可作介词宾语;

Does bark, cocks crow,frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。

说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用oneanother。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,例如:

He put all the booksbeside each other.

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

He put all the booksbeside one another.

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

Usually these small groupswere independent of each other.

这些小团体通常是相互独立的。

c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格,例如:

The students borrowed eachother's notes.

学生们互借笔记。

高三英语复习要着重培养语言综合运用能力

高三英语复习要着重培养语言综合运用能力,语言运用能力指获取、理解信息的能力(听、读),按情景或要求表达思想、传递信息的能力(写、译)。随着“二期课改”的深入,高考英语越来越注重语言能力的考核。翻开今年的英语高考考卷,你会发现,除了20道语法选择题和词汇选择题外,其余的包括听力、综合填空、语篇理解、翻译和写作等等均属于语言能力的考核,而且分数比值高达130分。即使是语法和词汇选择题,题干都比较长,强调在具体的语境中合理使用语法规则和词汇,通俗地说,就是考学生的读句能力。因此必须及早着重于语言综合运用能力的培养。

具体说来:首先,对于听力、综合填空、语篇理解、翻译和写作等综合性考题,要尽早精选一些有关类型的题目,细水长流,经常做做,逐渐提高。其次,对于自己的弱项,更要多选一些题目,有针对性地做(比如,如果听力较差,可系统地听李永宁编著的《高考英语听力》的磁带)。而且对于做错的题目不能一扔了之,而是要反复研究,每做一题都要有所收获,逐渐培养出语感来,使自己的语言运用能力不断提高。

此外,从今年的考题看,应用性和能力型的试题越来越多,命题取材更注重真实性,内容涉及国内外经济、科技、教育、文化、社会等的发展。因此,在听力方面,可以采用精听和泛听相结合的办法。除了做英语听力考题外,还可经常听听电视台的英语广播节目。在阅读方面(包括综合填空),除了做相关考题外,还可经常看看学生英语报。在写作方面,可根据周围发生的事,自己写些日记(或周记),把句子写写顺,提高自己的文字表达能力,然后再逐渐练习各种题材的短文。

另外,在这里还必须强调:仍然要不断努力学习英语单词和短语,不断努力学习英语语法。要知道英语基础知识的学习与语言综合运用能力的提高不仅不矛盾,而且还是相互促进的。随着英语基础知识的提高,会对英语语言综合运用能力的提高大有好处。

直接引语和间接引语怎么互相转换?

直接引语和间接引语怎么互相转换?

一、把下列句子变成间接引语:

1. Mary often says, “Iwant to be a doctor when I grow up.”

→Mary often says that shewants to be a doctor when she grows up.

2. Mr Smith said, “John isa good student.”

→Mr Smith said that Johnwas a good student.

3. “We will come hereagain tonight,” the students said to the teacher.

→The students told theteacher that they would go there again that night.

4. He said,“I repaired thewatch yesterday.”

→He said that he hadrepaired the watch the day before.”

5. “I haven’t heard frommy parents these days,” he said.

→He said that he hadn’theard from his parents those days.

6. The childrensaid,“We’ll be back tomorrow.”

→The children said thatthey would be back the next day.”

7. Bob said to Mary,“I sawthe film two days ago.”

→Bob told Mary that he hadseen the film two days before.

8. The teacher said,“Canyou hear me, children?”

→The teacher asked thechildren if they could hear him.

9.“We’re going to study inthe USA next month,”they said.

→They said that they weregoing to study in the USA the next month.

10. “I’m checking yourhomework now,”his mother said.

→His mother said that shewas checking his homework then.

11. “The earth goes aroundthe sun,” the teacher said.

→The teacher said (that)the earth goes around the sun.

12.“I can finish it inhalf an hour,” the worker said to me.

→The worker told me hecould finish it in half an hour.

13.“Will you go to thestation with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” he askedme.

→He asked me if I would goto the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.

14.“Do you remember whatyour uncle told you last night?” Li Ping’s father asked him.

→Li Ping’s father askedhim if he remembered what his uncle told him the night before.

15.“Why did she refuse togo there?” the teacher asked.

→The teacher asked why shehad refused to go there.

16.“Please wait for me atthe gate of the Summer Palace at two tomorrow afternoon,” Kate saidto her friend.

→Kate asked her friend towait for her at the gate of the Summer Palace at two the nextafternoon.

17.“Are you feeling bettertoday?” the doctor asked my sister.

→The doctor asked mysister if she was feeling better that day.

18. He said to me,“Wheredid you go last week?”

→He asked me where had Ihad gone the week before.

19. He said,“I joined theEnglish Club in 2007.”

→He said that he joinedthe English Club in 2007.

20. John said to me,“Wherewill you go this Sunday?”

→John asked me where Iwould go that Sunday.

21.She said,“I will comethis evening.”

→She said that she wouldgo that evening.

22.“Had you finished yourhomework before you watched TV?” Kate’s mother asked her.

→Kate’s mother asked herif she had finished her homework before she watched TV.

二、把下列句子变成直接引语:

1. He said he knew nothingabout Tom.

→He said,“I know nothingabout Tom.”

2. Tom asked Mary if shewould watch his CD-ROMs that day.

→Tom said to Mary,“Willyou watch my CD-ROMs today?”

3. Tom’s mother asked himwhy he has made so many mistakes in his homework that time.

→Tom’s mother said tohim,“Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework thistime?”

→Tom’s mother asked,“Tom,Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework this time?”

4. They said they hadstudied English for three years.

→They said,“We havestudied English for three years.”

5. He told me there wouldbe a basketball match that afternoon.

→He said to me,“There willbe a basketball match this afternoon.”

6. Uncle Wang asked mewhere my father had been and what he had been doing all thosedays.

→Uncle Wang askedme,“Where has your father been and what has he been doing all thesedays?”

7. He said he had seen thefilm that day.

→He said,“I saw the filmyesterday.”

8. He said he had finishedthe work that day.

→ He said,“I have finishedthe work today.”

9. He told his little sonto go inside and not come out until the rain had stopped.

→He told his littleson,“Go inside and don’t come out until the rain has stopped.”

10. The conductor askedZhang Hong where she was going to get off.

→The conductor said toZhang Hong,“Where are you going to get off ?”

11. He asked whether theywould go with him.

→He asked,“Will you gowith me?”

12. Mr White asked me togive his wife a message when she returned from the library.

→Mr White said tome,“Please give my wife a message when she returns from thelibrary.”

13. A asked the teacherwhether Gauss was born in 1777.

→A asked the teacher,“WasGauss born in 1777?”

14. The old worker told usnot to forget the past.

→The old worker sad tous,“Don’t forget the past.”

15. He asked me WhyEidson’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t worthteaching.

→He asked me,“Why didEidson’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t worthteaching?”

16. He asked me what elseI wanted him to do.

→He asked me,“what else doyou want me to do?”

17. She asked Xiao Wang ifthat kind of telephone was made in Guangzhou.

→She asked Xiao Wang,“Isthis kind telephone made in Guangzhou? ”

18. He asked me how manytimes I had been to my home town since 2000.

→ He asked me,“How manytimes have you been to your home town since 2000?”

19. I asked one of theboys if there were any mistakes in his homework.

→I asked one of theboys,“Are there any mistakes in your homework?”

20. She told me she hadseen a letter on my desk the day before.

→ “I saw a letter on yourdesk yesterday,” she said to me.

21. The guard said that hewould not let him in if he had no pass.

→ The guard said,“I willnot let you in if you have no pass.”

虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用?

虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用?

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虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用?请看典型考题:

__________ your address,Iwould have written to you.

A. Did I know B. Were I toknow

C. Had I known D. If Ishould know

此题应选C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将were,had,should,could 等词移至句首:

1. If he should fail,hewould kill himself.

→Should he fail,he wouldkill himself.

万一失败,他就会自杀。

2. If I were you,I woulddo it at once.

→Were I you,I would do itat once.

假若我是你,我就会马上做。

3. If I could do it,Iwould.

→Could I do it,Iwould.

要是我能做此事,我一定会做。

4. If he had seen youyesterday,he would haveasked you about it.

→Had he seen youyesterday,he would haveasked you about it.

他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。

顺便说一句,以上移至句首的had不一定是助动词,如果是实义动词也可倒装:

If he had money,he wouldbuy a car.

→Had he money,he would buya car.

他要是有钱,他就会买一辆小车。

巧顾课外辅导介绍两种常考的虚拟语气句型

课外资讯频道 2010年01月04日22:50 巧顾课外辅导

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巧顾课外辅导介绍两种常考的虚拟语气句型If it weren’t for…和If ithadn’t been for…

一、句型介绍

这两个句型是If it weren’tfor…和If it hadn’t beenfor…,这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型,也经常受到命题人的青睐,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如:

If it weren’t for water,no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。

You wouldn’t be anywhereif it weren’t for Ruth. 若不是有鲁思你不会有任何成就。

If it hadn’t been for thedoctor, he would have died. 要不是医生救了他,他就会死了。

If it hadn’t been forMary, I might not have understood. 要不是有玛丽,我可能还不理解。

二、与but for, without等替换

这两个句型有时可用but for,without等替换。如:

要不是有你帮忙,我们是不会成功的。

If it hadn’t been for yourassistance we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=But for your assistancewe wouldn’t have succeeded.

=Without your assistancewe wouldn’t have succeeded.

三、时间上的同与异

原则上说,if it weren’t[wasn’t] for 用于谈论现在的情况,而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论过去的情况。但实际上if itweren’t [wasn’t] for有时也可用于谈论过去的情况:

If it weren’t for theirhelp, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.要不是他们帮助,这些困难我们是克服不了的。

虚拟条件句的常见类型

虚拟条件句的常见类型有三种,条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生:

If I have time, I will gowith them. 假若我有时间,我就同他们去。(陈述语气)

If I were you, I would gowith them. 假若我是你,我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)

虚拟条件句的三种基本类型

一、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could,might)+动词原形”:

If you took a taxi,you’dget there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去,你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)

If I knew her number Icould ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)

二、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could,might)+have+过去分词”:

If I’d left sooner,I’dhave been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

If we had found himearlier we could have saved his life.要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)

三、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could,might)+动词原形”:

If he went,would you gotoo? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)

If I asked him,I’m surehe’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)

注:几点特别说明

①主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might,could的大致区别是:would表示结果,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较:

If you tried again youwould succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就会成功的。(would表结果)

If you tried again youmight succeed. 要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的。(might表可能)

If you tried again youcould succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就能成功了。(could表能力)

②条件从句的谓语动词为be时,不管其主语为单数还是复数通常都用were,但在口语或非正式文体中的单数第一人称和第三人称后,也可用was,不过在If I were you这样的表达中,通常还是以用were为宜。

③ 有时条件从句用would表示愿意:

If he would live on withme, I would be his better half. 要是他还愿意跟我过,我仍会做他的妻子。

④对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“wereto+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should(would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气或祈使语气:

If it should raintomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就不要等我了。

I should see him, I’lltell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。

与未来事实相反的虚拟语气怎么用

与未来事实相反的虚拟语气怎么用?请看下面的题目:

If we __________ 200 yearsold,we __________ everything.

A. were to be,could changeB. had been,changed

C. were,would have changedD. should be,changed

此题应选A。该题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,此时的主句谓语通常用would(should,could,might)+动词原形,而从句谓语可能有以下几种情况:

1. 从句谓语用过去式:

If your father knewthis,he would be angry. 要是你父亲知道了,他会生气的。

If it rained tomorrow,thesports meet would beput off. 要是明天下雨,运动会就推迟。

2.从句谓语用should+动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情,一般译为“万一”):

If it should rain,thecrops would be saved. 要是有雨,这庄稼还有救。

此类句型的主句谓语有时可以用祈使句甚至将来时态:

If it should raintomorrow,don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就不要等我了。

If I should be freetomorrow,I will come. 万一我明天有空,我就来。

3. 从句谓语用were to+动词原形(通常指可能性极小可或近乎不可能,有时指出乎意料):

If the sun were to rise inthe west,my love for you would not change. 即使太阳从西边出,我对你的爱也不会变。

ifonly开头的虚拟语气怎么用?

ifonly开头的虚拟语气怎么用?if only 与 Iwish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同:

If only she had had morecourage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only it would stopraining! 雨要是停了就好了。

If only he didn’t drive sofast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。

If only I were [was]better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。

If only I had listened tomy parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go withme! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

【友情提示】if only通常独立使用,没有主句。

高中英语语法专项复习之副词It'stime引导的从句用虚拟语气具体怎么用

It'stime引导的从句用虚拟语气具体怎么用?

一、基本用法

从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”:

It’s time we ordereddinner. 现在该叫菜了。

I think It’s time you wentto bed. 我想你该睡觉了。

It’s time we went [weregoing, should go]. 我们该走了。

It’s time you washed thosetrousers. 你该洗洗那条裤子了。

I’m getting tired. It’stime we went home. 我累了,我们该回家了。

I think it’s time theywere taught a lesson. 我想现在该给他们一点教训了。

It’s time someone spoke upfor the less privileged in our society. 应该有人为我们社会中较不幸的人说说话了。

It’s time you looked aheadand made plans for your retirement. 是你为以后想一想并对退休后的生活做出安排的时候了。

二、同义表达

该是孩子们上床的时间了。

It’s time the kids were inbed.

=It’s time for the kids tobe in bed.

三、两点说明

(1)time前有时有about和high修饰:

It’s high time we left.我们早该动身了。

It’s high time you boughta new car. 你该买辆新车了。

I think it’s high timethat she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。

It’s high time they beganto take you seriously. 现在他们应该开始认真对待你了。

(2) 与其他的虚拟结构不同,该结构不能在该用was 时而用 were:

It’s time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)

及其基本用法

本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之副词及其基本用法进行详细介绍,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助,副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。

一、副词的位置:

1) 在动词之前。

2) 在be动词、助动词之后。

3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。

注意:

a.大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。

We could see very clearlya strange light ahead of us.

b.方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。

He speaks Englishwell.

二、副词的排列顺序:

1)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。

2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。

Please write slowly andcarefully.

3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。

注意:副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。

改错:(错)I very likeEnglish.

(对)I like English verymuch.

注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

I don't know him wellenough.

There is enough food foreveryone to eat.

There is food enough foreveryone to eat.

兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是"近"; closely意思是"仔细地"

He is sitting close tome.

Watch him closely.

2)late 与lately

late意思是"晚"; lately意思是"最近"

You have come toolate.

What have you been doinglately?

3)deep与deeply

deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"

He pushed the stick deepinto the mud.

Even father was deeplymoved by the film.

4)high与highly

high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much

The plane was flyinghigh.

I think highly of youropinion.

5)wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方"

He opened the doorwide.

English is widely used inthe world.

6)free与freely

free的意思是"免费";freely的意思是"无限制地"

You can eat free in myrestaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely; saywhat you like.

形容词与副词的比较级

大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则

变化两种。

1) 规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。

构成法

原级

比较级

最高级

一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est

tall(高的)

great(巨大的)

taller

greater

tallest

greatest

以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st

nice(好的)

large(大的)

able(有能力的)

nicer

larger

abler

nicest

largest

ablest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est

big(大的)

hot (热的)

bigger

hotter

biggest

hottest

"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est

easy(容易的)

busy(忙的)

easier

busier

easiest

busiest

少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est

clever(聪明的)

narrow(窄的)

cleverer

narrower

cleverest

narrowest

其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。

important(重要的)

easily(容易地)

more important

more easily

most important

most easily

2) 不规则变化

原级

比较级

最高级

good(好的)

well(健康的)

better

best

bad (坏的)

ill(有病的)

worse

worst

old (老的)

older/elder

oldest/eldest

much/many(多的)

more

most

little(少的)

less

least

far (远的)

farther/further

farthest/furthest

as+形容词或副词原级+as

1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。

as +形容词+ a +单数名词

as + many/much +名词

This is as good an example as the other is.

I can carry as much paper as you can..

3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。

This room is twice as big as that one.

Your room is the same size as mine.

4) 倍数+ as + adj. +as<=> 倍数+ then + of

This bridge is three times as long as that one.

This bridge is three times the length of thatone.

Your room is twice as large as mine.

Your room is twice the size of mine.

比较级形容词或副词+than

You are taller than I.

They lights in your room are as bright as those inmine.

注意:

1)要避免重复使用比较级。

(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

(对) He is more clever than his brother.

(对) He is clever than his brother.

2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other countries inAsia.

3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that ofBeijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry itout.

4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。

比较:Which is large, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada orAustralia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

可修饰比较级的词

1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many,a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等

2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

3)以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

典型例题:

1)---- Are you feeling ____?

---- Yes,I'm fine now.

A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good

D. quite better

答案:B. any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.

2)The experiment was____ easier than we hadexpected.

A.moreB.much more C.much

D.more much

答案:C.much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。

3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school.

A. the happiest timeB. a more happier time

C. much happiest timeD.a much happier time

答案:D。

高中英语语法项目表

说明:

(1)标*号的项目,七级要求理解,8级要求掌握。

(2)高中阶段的语法教学,应从语言运用的角度出发,把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来。要引导学生在语境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能。

1. 名词

(1)可数名词及其单复数

(2)不可数名词

(3)专有名词

(4)名词所有格

2. 代词

(1)人称代词

(2)物主代词

(3)反身代词

(4)指示代词

(5)不定代词

(6)疑问代词

3. 数词

(1)基数词

(2)序数词

4. 介词和介词短语

5. 连词

6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)

7. 副词(比较级和最高级)

8. 冠词

9. 动词

(1)动词的基本形式

(2)系动词

(3)及物动词和不及物动词

(4)助动词

(5)情态动词

10. 时态

(1)一般现在时

(2)一般过去时

(3)一般将来时

(4)过去将来时

(5)现在进行时

(6)过去进行时

(7)将来进行时*

(8)现在完成时

(9)过去完成时*

(10)现在完成进行时*

11. 被动语态

高中英语语法整理总结 高考英语语法总结

12. 非谓语动词

(1)动词不定式

(2)动词的-ing形式

(3)动词的-ed形式

13. 构词法

(1)合成法

(2)派生法

(3)转化法

(4)缩写和简写

14. 句子种类

(1)陈述句

(2)疑问句

(3)祈使句

(4)感叹句

15. 句子成分

(1)主语

(2)谓语

(3)表语

(4)宾语

(5)定语

(6)状语

(7)补语*

16. 简单句的基本句型

17. 主谓一致*

18. 并列复合句

19. 主从复合句

(1)宾语从句

(2)状语从句

(3)定语从句

(4)主语从句*

(5)同位语从句*

(6)表语从句*

20. 间接引语*

21. 省略*

22. 倒装*

23. 强调*

24. 虚拟语气*

  

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