天主教神职人员中的科学家们 神职人员怪兽

基督教是现代科学之母,没有基督教就没有现代科学。这个论题可以从许多不同的方面来阐述。从历史事实的角度看,那么大约可以从下面三个历史事实推出这个结论:1)现代科学的奠基人基本上都是基督徒(加上少部分犹太人);2)历史悠久的世界著名大学的前身都是天主教修道院或者新教神学院;3)直至现在,只有在基督教文化圈才有真正意义上的科学研究。作为这些历史事实的一个侧面,下面转贴一个英文维基上面所列的一个天主教神职人员中所涌现的伟大的科学家们的一个不完全的名单。大约数了一下,共有233位。他们中许多人处于被称为黑暗世纪(thedark ages)的中世纪(the middle ages, 约主后500 -1500)。也有处于现代的科学家们。他们大多是神父或者修道院教士、或者教廷神职人员。其中最早的是出生于1013年的Hermannof Reichenau (1013–1054)。他身兼历史学家、神学家和天文学家多重身份。最近的是出生于1963年的天文学家JoséGabriel Funes (Jesuit astronomer and current director of theVatican Observatory)。因为名单较长,没有翻译,以后若有时间再说吧。Listof Roman Catholic cleric–scientists

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_cleric–scientists

Many Roman Catholic clerics[1] throughout history have madesignificant contributions to science. These cleric-scientistsinclude such illustrious names as Nicolaus Copernicus, GregorMendel, Georges Lemaître, Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon, PierreGassendi, Roger Joseph Boscovich, Marin Mersenne, Francesco MariaGrimaldi, Nicole Oresme, Jean Buridan, Robert Grosseteste,Christopher Clavius, Nicolas Steno, Athanasius Kircher, GiovanniBattista Riccioli, William of Ockham, and others listed below. TheCatholic Church has also produced many lay scientists andmathematicians.

The Jesuits in particular have made numerous significantcontributions to the development of science. For example, theJesuits have dedicated significant study to earthquakes, andseismology has been described as "the Jesuit science."[2][3] TheJesuits have been described as "the single most importantcontributor to experimental physics in the seventeenth century."[4]According to Jonathan Wright in his book God's Soldiers, by theeighteenth century the Jesuits had "contributed to the developmentof pendulum clocks, pantographs, barometers, reflecting telescopesand microscopes, to scientific fields as various as magnetism,optics and electricity. They observed, in some cases before anyoneelse, the colored bands on Jupiter’s surface, the Andromeda nebulaand Saturn’s rings. They theorized about the circulation of theblood (independently of Harvey), the theoretical possibility offlight, the way the moon effected the tides, and the wave-likenature of light."[5]


A
Lorenzo Albacete (1941) Priest physicist andtheologian

José de Acosta (1539–1600) – Jesuit missionary and naturalist whowrote one of the very first detailed and realistic descriptions ofthe new world

François d'Aguilon (1567–1617) – Belgian Jesuit mathematician,physicist, and architect.

Albert of Saxony (philosopher) (c. 1320–1390) – German bishop knownfor his contributions to logic and physics; with Buridan he helpeddevelop the theory that was a precursor to the modern theory ofinertia[6]

Albertus Magnus (c. 1206–1280) – Dominican friar and Bishop ofRegensberg who has been described as "one of the most famousprecursors of modern science in the High Middle Ages."[7] Patronsaint of natural sciences; Works in physics, logic, metaphysics,biology, and psychology.

Giulio Alenio (1582-1649) - Jesuit theologian, astronomer andmathematician. He was sent to the Far East as a missionary andadopted a Chinese name and customs. He wrote 25 books including acosmography and a Life of Jesus in Chinese.

José María Algué (1856–1930) – Priest and meteorologist whoinvented the barocyclonometer

José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez (1737–1799) – Priest, scientist,historian, cartographer, and meteorologist who wrote more thanthirty treatises on a variety of scientificsubjects

Francesco Castracane degli Antelminelli (1817–1899) – Priest andbotanist who was one of the first to introduce microphotographyinto the study of biology

Giovanni Antonelli (1818–1872) – Priest and director of theXimenian Observatory of Florence who also collaborated on thedesign of a prototype of the internal combustionengine

Nicolò A
rrighetti (1709–1767) – Jesuit who wrote treatises on light, heat,and electricity.

Giuseppe Asclepi (1706–1776) – Jesuit astronomer and physician whoserved as director of the Collegio Romano observatory; The lunarcrater Asclepi is named after him.


B

Roger Bacon (c. 1214–1294) – Franciscan friar who made significantcontributions to mathematics and optics and has been described as aforerunner of modern scientific method.

Bernardino Baldi (1533–1617) – Abbot, mathematician, andwriter

Eugenio Barsanti (1821–1864) – Piarist who is the possible inventorof the internal combustion engine

Bartholomeus Amicus (1562–1649) – Jesuit wrote on philosophy,mathematics, astronomy, and the concept of vacuum and itsrelationship with God.

Daniello Bartoli (1608–1685) – Bartoli and fellow Jesuit astronomerNiccolò Zucchi are credited as probably having been the first tosee the equatorial belts on the planet Jupiter

Joseph Bayma (1816–1892) – Jesuit known for work in stereochemistryand mathematics

Giacopo Belgrado (1704–1789) – Jesuit professor of mathematics andphysics and court mathematician who did experimental work inphysics

Mario Bettinus (1582–1657) – Jesuit philosopher, mathematician andastronomer; lunar crater Bettinus named after him

Giuseppe Biancani (1566–1624) – Jesuit astronomer, mathematician,and selenographer, after whom the crater Blancanus on the Moon isnamed

Jacques de Billy (1602–1679) – Jesuit who has produced a number ofresults in number theory which have been named after him; publishedseveral astronomical tables; The crater Billy on the Moon is namedafter him.

Paolo Boccone (1633–1704) – Cistercian botanist who contributed tothe fields of medicine and toxicology

Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848) – Priest, mathematician, and logicianwhose other interests included metaphysics, ideas, sensation, andtruth.

Anselmus de Boodt (1550–1632) – Canon who was one of the foundersof mineralogy

Theodoric Borgognoni (1205–1298) – Domincan friar, Bishop ofCervia, and medieval Surgeon who made important contributions toantiseptic practice and anaesthetics

Christopher Borrus (1583–1632) – Jesuit mathematician and astronomywho made observations on the magnetic variation of thecompass

Roger Joseph Boscovich (1711–1787) – Jesuit polymath known for hiscontributions to modern atomic theory andastronomy

Joachim Bouvet (1656–1730) – Jesuit sinologist and cartographer whodid his work in China

Michał Boym (c. 1612–1659) – Jesuit who was one of the firstwesterners to travel within the Chinese mainland, and the author ofnumerous works on Asian fauna, flora andgeography.

Thomas Bradwardine (c. 1290–1349) – Archbishop of Canturbury andmathematician who helped develop the mean speed theorem; one of theOxford Calculators

Henri Breuil (1877–1961) – Priest, archaeologist, anthropologist,ethnologist and geologist.

Jan Brożek (1585–1652) – Polish canon, polymath, mathematician,astronomer, and physician; the most prominent Polish mathematicianof the 17th century

Louis-Ovide Brunet (1826–1876) – Priest who was one of the foundingfathers of Canadian botany

Francesco Faà di Bruno (c. 1825–1888) – Priest and mathematicianbeatified by Pope John Paul II

Ismaël Bullialdus (1605–1694) – Priest, astronomer, and member ofthe Royal Society; the Bullialdus crater is named in hishonor

Jean Buridan (c. 1300 – after 1358) – Priest who formulated earlyideas of momentum and inertial motion and sowed the seeds of theCopernican revolution in Europe

Roberto Busa (1913-2011) - Jesuit wrote a lemmatization of thecomplete works of St. Thomas Aquinas (Index Thomisticus) which waslater digitalized by IBM.


C

Niccolò Cabeo (1586–1650) – Jesuit mathematician; the crater Cabeusis named in his honor

Nicholas Callan (1799–1846) – Priest & Irishscientist best known for his work on the inductioncoil

Jean Baptiste Carnoy (1836–1899) – Priest who has been called thefounder of the science of cytology

Giovanni di Casali (died c. 1375) – Franciscan friar who provided agraphical analysis of the motion of acceleratedbodies

Paolo Casati (1617–1707) – Jesuit mathematician who wrote onastronomy and vacuums; The crater Casatus on the Moon is namedafter him.

Laurent Cassegrain (1629–1693) – Priest who was the probablenamesake of the Cassegrain telescope; The crater Cassegrain on theMoon is named after him

Benedetto Castelli (1578–1643) – Benedictine mathematician;long-time friend and supporter of Galileo Galilei, who was histeacher; wrote an important work on fluids inmotion

Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598–1647) – Jesuate known for his work onthe problems of optics and motion, work on the precursors ofinfinitesimal calculus, and the introduction of logarithms toItaly. Cavalieri's principle in geometry partially anticipatedintegral calculus; the lunar crater Cavalerius is named in hishonor

Antonio José Cavanilles (1745–1804) – Priest and leading Spanishtaxonomic botanist of the 18th century

Francesco Cetti (1726–1778) – Jesuit zoologist andmathematician

Tommaso Ceva (1648–1737) – Jesuit mathematician and professor whowrote treatises on geometry, gravity, andarithmetic

Christopher Clavius (1538–1612) – Respected Jesuit Astronomer andmathematician who headed the commission that yielded the Gregoriancalendar; wrote influential astronomical textbook.

Guy Consolmagno (1952– ) – Jesuit astronomer and planetaryscientist

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) –Renaissance astronomer and canonfamous for his heliocentric cosmology that set in motion theCopernican Revolution

Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) – Franciscan cosmographer,cartographer, encyclopedist, and globe-maker

George Coyne (1933– ) – Jesuit astronomer and former director ofthe Vatican Observatory

James Cullen (mathematician) (1867–1933) – Jesuit mathematician whopublished what is now known as Cullen numbers in numbertheory

James Curley (astronomer) (1796–1889) – Jesuit who was the firstdirector of Georgetown Observatory and determined the latitude andlongitude of Washington D.C.

Albert Curtz (1600–1671) – Jesuit astronomer who expanded on theworks of Tycho Brahe and contributed to early understanding of themoon; The crater Curtius on the Moon is named afterhim.

Johann Baptist Cysat (1587–1657) – Jesuit mathematician andastronomer, after whom the lunar crater Cysatus is named; publishedthe first printed European book concerning Japan; one of the firstto make use of the newly developed telescope; most important workwas on comets

Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche (1722-1769) - Priest andastronomer best known for his observations of the transits ofVenus


D

Ignazio Danti (1536–1586) – Dominican mathematician, astronomer,cosmographer, and cartographer

Armand David (1826–1900) – Lazarist priest, zoologist, and botanistwho did important work in these fields in China

Francesco Denza (1834–1894) – Barnabite meteorologist, astronomer,and director of Vatican Observatory

Václav Prokop Diviš (1698–1765) – Czech priest who studied thelightning rod independent of Franklin and constructed the firstelectrified musical instrument in history

Johann Dzierzon (1811–1906) – Priest and pioneering apiarist whodiscovered the phenomenon of parthenogenesis among bees, anddesigned the first successful movable-frame beehive; has beendescribed as the "father of modern apiculture"


F

Francesco Faà di Bruno (c. 1825–1888) – Priest and mathematicianbeatified by Pope John Paul II

Honoré Fabri (1607–1688) – Jesuit mathematician andphysicist

Jean-Charles de la Faille (1597–1652) – Jesuit mathematician whodetermined the center of gravity of the sector of a circle for thefirst time

Gabriele Falloppio (1523–1562) – Canon and one of the mostimportant anatomists and physicians of the sixteenth century. TheFallopian tubes, which extend from the uterus to the ovaries, arenamed for him.

Gyula Fényi (1845–1927) – Jesuit astronomer and director of theHaynald Observatory; noted for his observations of the sun; Thecrater Fényi on the Moon is named after him

Louis Feuillée (1660–1732) – Minim explorer, astronomer,geographer, and botanist

Placidus Fixlmillner (1721–1791) – Benedictine priest and one ofthe first astronomers to compute the orbit ofUranus

Paolo Frisi (1728–1784) – Priest, mathematician, and astronomer whodid significant work in hydraulics

José Gabriel Funes (1963– ) – Jesuit astronomer and currentdirector of the Vatican Observatory


G

Joseph Galien (1699 – c. 1762) – Dominican professor who wrote onaeronautics, hailstorms, and airships

Jean Gallois (1632–1707) – French scholar, abbot, and member ofAcademie des sciences

Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) – French priest, astronomer, andmathematician who published the first data on the transit ofMercury; best
known intellectual project attempted to reconcile Epicurean atomismwith Christianity

Agostino Gemelli (1878–1959) – Franciscan physician andpsychologist; founded Catholic University of the Sacred Heart inMilan

Johannes von Gmunden (c. 1380–1442) – Canon, mathematician, andastronomer who compiled astronomical tables; Asteroid 15955Johannesgmunden named in his honor

Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (1645–1700) – Priest, polymath,mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer; drew the first map ofall of New Spain

Andrew Gordon (Benedictine) (1712–1751) – Benedictine monk,physicist, and inventor who made the first electricmotor

Christoph Grienberger (1561–1636) – Jesuit astronomer after whomthe crater Gruemberger on the Moon is named; verified Galileo'sdiscovery of Jupiter's moons.

Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618–1663) – Jesuit who discovered thediffraction of light (indeed coined the term "diffraction"),investigated the free fall of objects, and built and usedinstruments to measure geological features on themoon

Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175 – 1253) – Bishop who was one of themost knowledgeable men of the Middle Ages; has been called "thefirst man ever to write down a complete set of steps for performinga scientific experiment."[8]

Paul Guldin (1577–1643) – Jesuit mathematician and astronomer whodiscovered the Guldinus theorem to determine the surface and thevolume of a solid of revolution

Bartolomeu de Gusmão (1685–1724) – Jesuit known for his early workon lighter-than-air airship design

Johann Georg Hagen (1847–1930) – Jesuit director of the Georgetownand Vatican Observatories; The crater Hagen on the Moon is namedafter him


H

Nicholas Halma (1755–1828) – French abbot, mathematician, andtranslator

Jean-Baptiste du Hamel (1624–1706) – French priest, naturalphilosopher, and secretary of the Academie Royale desSciences

René Just Haüy (1743–1822) – Priest known as the father ofcrystallography

Maximilian Hell (1720–1792) – Jesuit astronomer and director of theVienna Observatory; the crater Hell on the Moon is named afterhim.

Michał Heller (1936– ) – Priest, Templeton Prize winner, andprolific writer on numerous scientific topics

Lorenz Hengler (1806–1858) – Priest often credited as the inventorof the horizontal pendulum

Hermann of Reichenau (1013–1054) – Benedictine historian, musictheorist, astronomer, and mathematician

Pierre Marie Heude (1836–1902) – Jesuit missionary and zoologistwho studied the natural history of Eastern Asia

Franz von Paula Hladnik (1773–1844) – Priest and botanist whodiscovered several new kinds of plants, and certain genera havebeen named after him

Giovanni Battista Hodierna (1597–1660) – Priest and astronomer whocatalogued nebulous objects and developed an earlymicroscope

Victor-Alphonse Huard (1853–1929) – Priest, naturalist, educator,writer, and promoter of the natural sciences


I

Maximus von Imhof (1758–1817) – German Augustinian physicist anddirector of the Munich Academy of Sciences

Giovanni Inghirami (1779–1851) – Italian Piarist astronomer who hasa valley on the moon named after him as well as acrater


J

François Jacquier (1711–1788) – Franciscan mathematician andphysicist; at his death he was connected with nearly all the greatscientific and literary societies of Europe

Stanley Jaki (1924–2009) – Benedictine priest and prolific writerwho wrote on the relationship between science andtheology

Ányos Jedlik (1800–1895) – Benedictine engineer, physicist, andinventor; considered by Hungarians and Slovaks to be the unsungfather of the dynamo and electric motor


K

Georg Joseph Kamel (1661–1706) – Jesuit missionary and botanist whoestablished the first pharmacy in the Philippines

Otto Kippes (1905–1994) – Priest acknowledged for his work inasteroid orbit calculations; the main belt asteroid 1780 Kippes wasnamed in his honour

Athanasius Kircher (1602–1680) – Jesuit who has been called thefather of Egyptology and "Master of a hundred arts"; wrote anencyclopedia of China; one of the first people to observe microbesthrough a microscope

Wenceslas Pantaleon Kirwitzer (1588–1626) – Jesuit astronomer andmissionary who published observations of comets

Jan Krzysztof Kluk (1739–1796) – Priest, naturalist agronomist, andentomologist who wrote a multi-volume work on Polish animallife

Marian Wolfgang Koller (1792–1866) – Benedictine professor whowrote on astronomy, physics, and meteorology

Franz Xaver Kugler (1862–1929) – Jesuit chemist, mathematician, andAssyriologist who is most noted for his studies of cuneiformtablets and Babylonian astronomy


L

Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713-1762) - French deacon andastronomer noted for cataloguing stars, nebulous objects, andconstellations

Eugene Lafont (1837–1908) – Jesuit physicist, astronomer, andfounder of the first Scientific Society in India

Antoine de Laloubère (1600–1664) – Jesuit and first mathematicianto study the properties of the helix

Bernard Lamy (1640–1715) – Oratorian philosopher and mathematicianwho wrote on the parallelogram of forces

Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833) – Priest and entomologist whoseworks describing insects assigned many of the insect taxa still inuse today

Georges Lemaître (1894–1966) – Priest and father of the Big BangTheory

Thomas Linacre (c. 1460–1524) – English priest, humanist,translator, and physician
天主教神职人员中的科学家们 神职人员怪兽

Francis Line (1595–1675) – Jesuit magnetic clock and sundial makerwho disagreed with some of the findings of Newton andBoyle

Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz (1606–1682) – Cistercian who wrote on avariety of scientific subjects, including probabilitytheory


M

Jean Mabillon (1632–1707) – Benedictine monk and scholar,considered the founder of palaeography anddiplomatics

James B. Macelwane (1883–1956) – "The best-known Jesuitseismologist" and "one of the most honored practicioners of thescience of all time"; wrote the first textbook on seismology inAmerica.

John MacEnery (1797-1841) - Archaeologist who investigated thePalaeolithic remains at Kents Cavern

Paul McNally (1890–1955) – Jesuit astronomer and director ofGeorgetown Observatory; the crater McNally on the Moon is namedafter him.

Pierre Macq (1930– ) – Priest and physicist who was awarded theFrancqui Prize on Exact Sciences for his work on experimentalnuclear physics

Manuel Magri (1851–1907) – Jesuit ethnographer, archaeologist andwriter; one of Malta's pioneers in archaeology
Emmanuel Maignan (1601–1676) – Minim physicist and professor ofmedicine who published works on gnomonics andperspective

Charles Malapert (1581–1630) – Jesuit writer, astronomer, andproponent of Aristotelian cosmology; also known for observations ofsunpots and of the lunar surface, and the crater Malapert on theMoon is named after him

Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715) – Oratorian philosopher who studiedphysics, optics, and the laws of motion and disseminated the ideasof Descartes and Leibniz

Marcin of Urzędów (c. 1500–1573) – Priest, physician, pharmacist,and botanist
Joseph Maréchal (1878–1944) – Jesuit philosopher andpsychologist

Marie-Victorin (1885–1944) – Christian Brother and botanist bestknown as the father of the Jardin botanique deMontréal

Edme Mariotte (c. 1620–1684) – Priest and physicist who recognizedBoyle's Law and wrote about the nature of color

Francesco Maurolico (1494–1575) – Benedictine who madecontributions to the fields of geometry, optics, conics, mechanics,music, and astronomy, and gave the first known proof bymathematical induction

Christian Mayer (astronomer) (1719–1783) – Jesuit astronomer mostnoted for pioneering the study of binary stars

Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) – Augustinian monk and father ofgenetics

Pietro Mengoli (1626–1686) – Priest and mathematician who firstposed the famous Basel Problem

Giuseppe Mercalli (1850–1914) – Priest, volcanologist, and directorof the Vesuvius Observatory who is best remembered today for hisMercalli scale for measuring earthquakes which is still inuse

Marin Mersenne (1588–1648) – Minim philosopher, mathematician, andmusic theorist who is often referred to as the "father ofacoustics"

Paul of Middelburg (1446–1534) – Bishop of Fossombrone who wroteimportant works on the reform of the calendar

Maciej Miechowita (1457–1523) – Canon who wrote the first accurategeographical and ethnographical description of Eastern Europe, aswell as two medical treatises

François-Napoléon-Marie Moigno (1804–1884) – Jesuit physicist andmathematician; was an expositor of science and translator ratherthan an original investigator

Juan Ignacio Molina (1740–1829) – Jesuit naturalist, historian,botanist, ornithologist and geographer

Louis Moréri (1643–1680) – 17th century priest andencyclopaedist

Théodore Moret (1602–1667) – Jesuit mathematician and author of thefirst mathematical dissertations ever defended in Prague; the lunarcrater Moretus is named after him.

Landell de Moura (1861–1928) – Priest and inventor who was thefirst to accomplish the transmission of the human voice by awireless machine

Gabriel Mouton (1618–1694) – Abbot, mathematician, astronomer, andearly proponent of the metric system

Jozef Murgaš (1864–1929) – Priest who contributed to wirelesstelegraphy and help develop mobile communications and wirelesstransmission of information and human voice

José Celestino Mutis (1732–1808) – Canon, botanist, andmathematician who led the Royal Botanical Expedition of the NewWorld


N

Jean François Niceron (1613–1646) – Minim mathematician who studiedgeometrical optics

Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464) – Cardinal, philosopher, jurist,mathematician, astronomer, and one of the great geniuses andpolymaths of the 15th century

Julius Nieuwland (1878–1936) – Holy Cross priest, known for hiscontributions to acetylene research and its use as the basis forone type of synthetic rubber, which eventually led to the inventionof neoprene by DuPont

Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700–1770) – Abbot and physicist whodiscovered the phenomenon of osmosis in naturalmembranes.


O

Hugo Obermaier (1877–1946) – Priest, prehistorian, andanthropologist who is known for his work on the diffusion ofmankind in Europe during the Ice Age, as well as his work withnorth Spanish cave art

William of Ockham (c. 1288 – c. 1348) – Franciscan Scholastic whowrote significant works on logic, physics, and theology; known forOckham's Razor

Nicole Oresme (c. 1323–1382) – One of the most famous andinfluential philosophers of the later Middle Ages; economist,mathematician, physicist, astronomer, philosopher, theologian andBishop of Lisieux, and competent translator; one of the mostoriginal thinkers of the 14th century

Barnaba Oriani (1752–1832) – Barnabite geodesist, astronomer andscientist whose greatest achievement was his detailed research ofthe planet Uranus, and is also known for Oriani'stheorem


P

Luca Pacioli (c. 1446–1517) – Franciscan friar who publishedseveral works on mathematics and is often regarded as the Father ofAccounting

Ignace-Gaston Pardies (1636–1673) – Jesuit physicist known for hiscorrespondence with Newton and Descartes

Franciscus Patricius (1529–1597) – Priest, cosmic theorist,philosopher, and Renaissance scholar

John Peckham (1230–1292) – Archbishop of Canterbury and earlypractitioner of experimental science

Nicolas Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1580–1637) – Abbot and astromerwho discovered the Orion Nebula; lunar crater Peirescius named inhis honor

Stephen Joseph Perry (1833–1889) – Jesuit astronomer and Fellow ofthe Royal Society; made frequent observations of Jupiter'ssatellites, of stellar occultations, of comets, of meteorites, ofsun spots, and faculae

Giambatt ista Pianciani (1784–1862) – Jesuit mathematician andphysicist

Giuseppe Piazzi (1746–1826) – Theatine mathematician and astronomerwho discovered Ceres, today known as the largest member of theasteroid belt; also did important work cataloguingstars

Jean Picard (1620–1682) – Priest and first person to measure thesize of the Earth to a reasonable degree of accuracy; alsodeveloped what became the standard method for measuring the rightascension of a celestial object; The PICARD mission, an orbitingsolar observatory, is named in his honor

Edward Pigot (1858–1929) – Jesuit seismologist andastronomer
Alexandre Guy Pingré (1711–1796) – French priest astronomer andnaval geographer; the crater Pingré on the Moon is named after him,as is the asteroid 12719 Pingré

Andrew Pinsent (1966- ) – Priest whose current research includesthe application of insights from autism and social cognition to'second-person' accounts of moral perception and characterformation. His previous scientific research contributed to theDELPHI experiment at CERN

Jean Baptiste François Pitra (1812–1889) – Bendedictine cardinal,archaeologist and theologian who noteworthy for his greatarchaeological discoveries

Charles Plumier (1646–1704) – Minim friar who is considered one ofthe most important botanical explorers of his time

Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt (1728–1810) – Jesuit astronomer andmathematician; granted thetitle of the King's Astronomer; the crater Poczobutt on the Moon isnamed after him.

Léon Abel Provancher (1820–1892) – Priest and naturalist devoted tothe study and description of the fauna and flora of Canada; hispioneer work won for him the appellation of the "Father of NaturalHistory in Canada"


R

Louis Receveur (1757–1788) – Franciscan naturalist and astronomer;described as being as close as one could get to being an ecologistin the 18th century

Franz Reinzer (1661–1708) – Jesuit who wrote an in-depthmeteorological, astrological, and political compendium coveringtopics such as comets, meteors, lightning, winds, fossils, metals,bodies of water, and subterranean treasures and secrets of theearth

Louis Rendu (1789–1859) – Bishop who wrote an important book on themechanisms of glacial motion; the Rendu Glacier, Alaska, U.S. andMount Rendu, Antarctica are named for him

Vincenzo Riccati (1707–1775) – Italian Jesuit mathematician andphysicist

Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) – One of the founding fathers of theJesuit China Mission and co-author of the first European-Chinesedictionary

Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1598–1671) – Jesuit astronomer whoauthored Almagestum novum, an influential encyclopedia ofastronomy; The first person to measure the rate of acceleration ofa freely falling body; created a selenograph with Father Grimaldithat now adorns the entrance at the National Air and Space Museumin Washington D.C.

Richard of Wallingford (1292-1336) - Abbot, renowned clockmaker,and one of the initiators of western trigonometry

Johannes Ruysch (c. 1460–1533) – Priest, explorer, cartographer,and astronomer who created the second oldest known printedrepresentation of the New World


S
Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri (1667–1733) – Jesuit mathematician andgeometer

Johannes de Sacrobosco (c. 1195 – c. 1256) – Irish monk andastronomer who wrote the authoritative medieval astronomy textTractatus de Sphaera; his Algorismus was the first text tointroduce Hindu-Arabic numerals and procedures into the Europeanuniversity curriculum; the lunar crater Sacrobosco is named afterhim

Gregoire de Saint-Vincent (1584–1667) – Jesuit mathematician whomade important contributions to the study of thehyperbola

Alphonse Antonio de Sarasa (1618–1667) – Jesuit mathematician whocontributed to the understanding of logarithms

Christoph Scheiner (c. 1573–1650) – Jesuit physicist, astronomer,and inventor of the pantograph; wrote on a wide range of scientificsubjects

Wilhelm Schmidt (linguist) (1868–1954) – Austrian priest, linguist,anthropologist, and ethnologist.

George Schoener (1864–1941) – Priest who became known in the UnitedStates as the "Padre of the Roses" for his experiments in rosebreeding

Gaspar Schott (1608–1666) – Jesuit physicist, astronomer, andnatural philosopher who is most widely known for his works onhydraulic and mechanical instruments

Franz Paula von Schrank (1747–1835) – Priest, botanist,entomologist, and prolific writer

Berthold Schwarz (c. 14th century) – Franciscan friar and reputedinventor of gunpowder and firearms

Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita (1604–1660) – Capuchin astronomerand optrician who built Kepler's telescope

George Mary Searle (1839–1918) – Paulist astronomer and professorwho discovered six galaxies

Angelo Secchi (1818–1878) – Jesuit pioneer in astronomicalspectroscopy, and one of the first scientists to stateauthoritatively that the sun is a star

Alessandro Serpieri (1823–1885) – Priest, astronomer, andseismologist who studied shooting stars, and was the first tointroduce the concept of the seismic radiant

Gerolamo Sersale (1584–1654) – Jesuit astronomer and selenographer;his map of the moon can be seen in the Naval Observatory of SanFernando; the lunar crater Sirsalis is named afterhim

Benedict Sestini (1816–1890) – Jesuit astronomer, mathematician andarchitect; studied sunspots and eclipses; wrote textbooks on avariety of mathematical subjects

René François Walter de Sluse (1622–1685) – Canon and mathematicianwith a family of curves named after him

Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799) – Priest, biologist, andphysiologist who made important contributions to the experimentalstudy of bodily functions, animal reproduction, and essentiallydiscovered echolocation; his research of biogenesis paved the wayfor the investigations of Louis Pasteur

Valentin Stansel (1621–1705) – Jesuit astronomer who made importantobservations of comets

Johan Stein (1871–1951) – Jesuit astronomer and director of theVatican Observatory, which he modernized and relocated to CastelGandolfo; the crater Stein on the far side of the Moon is namedafter him

Nicolas Steno (1638–1686) – Bishop beatified by Pope John Paul IIwho is often called the father of geology[9] and stratigraphy[7],and is known for Steno's principles

Pope Sylvester II (c. 946–1003) – Prolific scholar who endorsed andpromoted Arabic knowledge of arithmetic, mathematics, and astronomyin Europe, reintroducing the abacus and armillary sphere which hadbeen lost to Europe since the end of the Greco-Romanera

Alexius Sylvius Polonus (1593 – c. 1653) – Jesuit astronomer whostudied sunspots and published a work oncalendariography

Ignacije Szentmartony (1718–1793) – Jesuit cartographer,mathematician, and astronomer who became a member of the expeditionthat worked on the rearrangement of the frontiers among colonies inSouth America


T
André Tacquet (1612–1660) – Jesuit mathematician whose work laidthe groundwork for the eventual discovery ofcalculus

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955) – Jesuit paleontologist andgeologist who took part in the discovery of PekingMan

Francesco Lana de Terzi (c. 1631–1687) – Jesuit referred to as theFather of Aviation[10] for his pioneering efforts; he alsodeveloped a blind writing alphabet prior toBraille.

Theodoric of Freiberg (c. 1250 – c. 1310) – Dominican theologianand physicist who gave the first correct geometrical analysis ofthe rainbow

Joseph Tiefenthaler (1710–1785) – Jesuit who was one of theearliest European geographers to write about India

Giuseppe Toaldo (1719–1797) – Priest and physicist who studiedatmospheric electricity and did important work with lightning rods;the asteroid 23685 Toaldo is named for him.

José Torrubia (c. 1700–1768) – Franciscan linguist, scientist,collector of fossils and books, and writer on historical, politicaland religious subjects

Franz de Paula Triesnecker (1745–1817) – Jesuit astronomer anddirector of the Vienna Observatory; published a number of treatiseson astronomy and geography; the crater Triesnecker on the Moon isnamed after him.


V

Basil Valentine (c. 15th century) – Benedictine alchemist whomauthor James J. Walsh calls the father of modernchemistry[11]

Luca Valerio (1552–1618) – Jesuit mathematician who developed waysto find volumes and centers of gravity of solidbodies

Pierre Varignon (1654–1722) – Priest and mathematician whoseprinciple contributions were to statics and mechanics; created amechanical explanation of gravitation

Giovanni Battista Venturi (1746-1822) - Priest who discovered theVenturi effect

Fausto Veranzio (c. 1551–1617) – Bishop, polymath, inventor, andlexicographer

Ferdinand Verbiest (1623–1688) – Jesuit astronomer andmathematician; designed what some claim to be the first everself-propelled vehicle – many claim this as the world's firstautomobile

Francesco de Vico (1805–1848) – Jesuit astronomer who discovered orco-discovered a number of comets; also made observations of Saturnand the gaps in its rings; the lunar crater De Vico and theasteroid 20103 de Vico are named after him

Vincent of Beauvais (c.1190–c.1264) – Dominican who wrote the mostinfluential encyclopedia of the Middle Ages

János Vitéz (archbishop) (c.1405–1472) – Archbishop, astronomer,and mathematician

Benito Viñes (1870- 1893), A Jesuit priest who was known as “FatherHurricane” Beginning his significant and important research onhurricanes.


W

Martin Waldseemüller (c. 1470–1520) – German priest andcartographer who, along with Matthias Ringmann, is credited withthe first recorded usage of the word America

Godefroy Wendelin (1580–1667) – Priest and astronomer whorecognized that Kepler's third law applied to the satellites ofJupiter; the lunar crate Vendelinus is named in hishonor

Johannes Werner (1468–1522) – Priest, mathematician, astronomer,and geographer

Witelo (c. 1230 – after 1280, before 1314) – Friar, physicist,natural philosopher, and mathematician; lunar crater Vitello namedin his honor; his Perspectiva powerfully influenced laterscientists, in particular Johannes Kepler

Julian Tenison Woods (1832–1889) – Passionist geologist andmineralogist

Theodor Wulf (1868–1946) – Jesuit physicist who was one of thefirst experimenters to detect excess atmosphericradiation

Franz Xaver von Wulfen (1728-1805) - Jesuit botanist, mineralogist,and alpinist


Z

John Zahm (1851–1921) – Holy Cross priest and South Americanexplorer

Giuseppe Zamboni (1776–1846) – Priest and physicist who inventedthe Zamboni pile, an early electric battery similar to the Voltaicpile

Francesco Zantedeschi (1797–1873) – Priest who was among the firstto recognize the marked absorption by the atmosphere of red,yellow, and green light; published papers on the production ofelectric currents in closed circuits by the approach and withdrawalof a magnet, thereby anticipating Michael Faraday's classicalexperiments of 1831[12]

Niccolò Zucchi (1586–1670) – Jesuit who invented the reflectingtelescope[13] and may have been the first to see the belts on theplanet Jupiter[14]

Giovanni Battista Zupi (c. 1590–1650) – Jesuit astronomer,mathematician, and first person to discover that the planet Mercuryhad orbital phases; the crater Zupus on the Moon is named afterhim

  

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